Proximate Analysis and Metal Content Assessment of Crude Oil, Sindh-Pakistan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan

2 High Tech Central Resource Laboratory, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan,

3 Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan

4 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

5 Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China

10.22050/ijogst.2025.494605.1725
Abstract
Fourteen crude oil samples were collected from different oil fields in the southeastern region of Pakistan and analyzed for pH, density, kinematic viscosity, saponification value, distillation range, and fourteen metal ions (Ca, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) using standard analytical procedures in accordance with ASTM methods. The metal ions were quantified by air–acetylene flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Substantial variation in physicochemical properties and metal contents was observed among the different oil fields. The concentrations of V, Fe, Ca, and Ni were higher than those of the other elements. The metal ion data were further evaluated using correlation coefficient analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis.

Highlights

·       Determination of crude oil properties in Sindh Province.

·       Determination of metal contents, including Ca, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn.

·       Proximate analysis of crude oil.

Keywords

Subjects

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  • Receive Date 18 December 2024
  • Revise Date 18 January 2025
  • Accept Date 01 March 2025