Corrosion Behavior of Drilling Casing in Matrix Acidizing Operations Using Dilute Magnetized HCl Solutions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract
Stimulation of hydrocarbon wells with matrix acidizing operation is among the most common operations to stimulate the formation, remove the skin, and improve the productivity index. However, equipment corrosion, including casings, is one of the most critical concerns. In the present paper, the influence of the magnetic field on the corrosion behavior of drilling casing in 1.5 M (5 wt %) HCl was investigated in various conditions using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and weight loss (WL) measurements. The Taguchi experimental design (L-18 array) was utilized to model the impacts of magnetic field intensity, elapsed time, magnetization time, and temperature on the corrosion rate. The experimental results showed that the passing of acid through a magnetic field reduced the corrosion rate of N-80 carbon steel in HCl by up to 96%. Consequently, magnetized acid could reduce the effects of corrosion on matrix acidizing operations as a green corrosion inhibitor.

Highlights

  • The results of weight loss (WL) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) indicate that magnetization of acid before usage (pre-magnetization) can reduce the corrosion rate of drilling casing during HCl matrix acidizing;
  • The influence of magnetic field (MF) on inhibition is strongly affected by the magnetic field intensity and is not eliminated during heating and with time;
  • Pre-magnetization technique can be used as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to conventional inhibitors in matrix acidizing of oil and gas wells.

Keywords

Subjects

Ashassi-Sorkhabi, H., & Seifzadeh, D. (2006). The inhibition of steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution by juice of Prunus cerasus. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 1(2), 92–98.
Baker, J. S., & Judd, S. J. (1996). Magnetic amelioration of scale formation. Water research, 30(2), 247–260.
Bi, C., Bijuan, Z., Fan, Z., & Hongfang, L. (2014). Corrosion Behavior of HSn70-1 Copper Alloy in SRB Containing Medium in Atatic Magnetic Field. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 34(4), 339–345.
Bikul'Chyus, G., Ruchinskene, A., & Deninis, V. (2003). Corrosion behavior of low-carbon steel in tap water treated with permanent magnetic field. protection of metals, 39, 443–447.
Bin, G., ZHANG, P., Yongping, J., & CHENG, S. (2008). Effects of alternating magnetic field on the corrosion rate and corrosion products of copper. Rare Metals, 27(3), 324–328.
Busch, K. W., Busch, M. A., Parker, D. H., Darling, R. E., & McAtee Jr, J. (1986). Studies of a water treatment device that uses magnetic fields. Corrosion, 42(4), 211–221.
Cai, R., Yang, H., He, J., & Zhu, W. (2009). The effects of magnetic fields on water molecular hydrogen bonds. Journal of molecular structure, 938(1–3), 15–19.
Chang, K.-T., & Weng, C.-I. (2006). The effect of an external magnetic field on the structure of liquid water using molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Applied physics, 100(4).
Chiba, A., Kawazu, K., Nakano, O., Tamura, T., Yoshihara, S., & Sato, E. (1994). The effects of magnetic fields on the corrosion of aluminum foil in sodium chloride solutions. Corrosion Science, 36(3), 539–543.
Chiba, A., & Ogawa, T. (1988). Effects of magnetic field direaction on the dissolution of copper, zinc, and brass in nitric acid. Corros. Eng, 37(10), 531.
Chiba, A., Tanaka, N., Ueno, S., & Ogawa, T. (1992). Inhibition of Iron Corrosion in Sodium Chloride Solutions by Magnetic Fields. Corrosion Engineering, 45(5), 333–341.
Chin, R. J., & Nobe, K. (1972). Electrodissolution kinetics of iron in chloride solutions: III. Acidic solutions. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 119(11), 1457.
Chouchane, S., Levesque, A., Zabinski, P., Rehamnia, R., & Chopart, J.-P. (2010). Electrochemical corrosion behavior in NaCl medium of zinc–nickel alloys electrodeposited under applied magnetic field. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 506(2), 575–580.
Espina-Hernandez, J. H., Caleyo, F., Venegas, V., & Hallen, J. (2011). Pitting corrosion in low carbon steel influenced by remanent magnetization. Corrosion Science, 53(10), 3100–3107.
Farshad, F. F., Linsley, J., Kuznetsov, O., & Vargas, S. (2002). The effects of magnetic treatment on calcium sulfate scale formation. SPE Western Regional Meeting,
 
Ghabashy, M., Sedahmed, G., & Mansour, I. (1982). Effect of a magnetic field on the rate of diffusion-controlled corrosion of metals. British Corrosion Journal, 17(1), 36–37.
Gokhale, S., & Ellis, S. (2005). API specification 5CT N-80 grade casing may burst or part unexpectedly if supplementary metallurgical requirements are not specified. SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition,
Hashemizadeh, A., Gholizadeh, M., Tabatabaeinejad, A., & Hoopanah, M. (2014). The possibility of enhanced oil recovery by using magnetic water flooding. Petroleum science and technology, 32(9), 1038–1042.
Higashitani, K., Kage, A., Katamura, S., Imai, K., & Hatade, S. (1993). Effects of a magnetic field on the formation of CaCO3 particles. Journal of colloid and interface science, 156(1), 90–95.
Hosoda, H., Mori, H., Sogoshi, N., Nagasawa, A., & Nakabayashi, S. (2004). Refractive indices of water and aqueous electrolyte solutions under high magnetic fields. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 108(9), 1461–1464.
Hou, X.-l., Xiang, J., Huang, J., Zhi, Z., Hu, H.-m., Zhang, G.-c., & Hui, X. (2011). Effect of B alloying on magnetocaloric effect of Gd5. 1Si2Ge2 alloy in low magnetic field. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 21(5), 413–417.
Hryniewicz, T., Rokosz, K., & Rokicki, R. (2008). Electrochemical and XPS studies of AISI 316L stainless steel after electropolishing in a magnetic field. Corrosion Science, 50(9), 2676–2681.
Hu, J., Dong, C., Li, X., & Xiao, K. (2010). Effects of applied magnetic field on corrosion of beryllium copper in NaCl solution. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 26(4), 355–361.
Hu, J., Song, X., Zhang, Z., Zeng, D., Shi, T., & Gao, J. (2015). The corrosion inhibition behaviors of 2′‐hydroxy‐acetophenone for AZ91D magnesium alloy. Materials and Corrosion, 66(4), 396–404.
Imamura, T., Yamada, Y., Oi, S., & Honda, H. (1978). Orientation behavior of carbonaceous mesophase spherules having a new molecular arrangement in a magnetic field. Carbon, 16(6), 481–486.
Inaba, H., Saitou, T., Tozaki, K.-i., & Hayashi, H. (2004). Effect of the magnetic field on the melting transition of H2O and D2O measured by a high resolution and supersensitive differential scanning calorimeter. Journal of Applied physics, 96(11), 6127–6132.
Jafari, H., Danaee, I., Eskandari, H., & RashvandAvei, M. (2014). Combined computational and experimental study on the adsorption and inhibition effects of N2O2 schiff base on the corrosion of API 5L grade B steel in 1 mol/L HCl. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 30(3), 239–252.
Jayaraman, T., Guruswamy, S., & Free, M. (2007). Effect of magnetic field on the corrosion behavior of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloy single crystals. Corrosion, 63(11), 1042–1047.
LI, J.-n., ZHANG, P., & Bin, G. (2011). Effects of rotating electromagnetic on flow corrosion of copper in seawater. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 21, s489–s493.
Li, J., Zhang, T., Shao, Y., Meng, G., & Wang, F. (2010). A stochastic analysis of the effect of magnetic field on the pitting corrosion susceptibility of pure magnesium. Materials and Corrosion, 61(4), 306–312.
Li, X., Zhang, M., Yuan, B., Li, L., & Wang, C. (2016). Effects of the magnetic field on the corrosion dissolution of the 304 SS│ FeCl3 system. Electrochimica acta, 222, 619–626.
Li, Y., An, B., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, X., & Wang, W. (2014). Severe corrosion behavior of Fe78Si9B13 glassy alloy under magnetic field. Journal of non-crystalline solids, 392, 51–58.
Linhardt, P., Ball, G., & Schlemmer, E. (2005). Electrochemical investigation of chloride induced pitting of stainless steel under the influence of a magnetic field. Corrosion Science, 47(7), 1599–1603.
Liu, H., Gu, T., Zhang, G., Cheng, Y., Wang, H., & Liu, H. (2016). The effect of magneticfield on biomineralization and corrosion behavior of carbon steel induced by iron-oxidizing bacteria. Corrosion Science, 102, 93–102.
Liu, P., Xue, H., Zhao, L., Zhao, X., & Cui, M. (2016). Simulation of 3D multi-scale wormhole propagation in carbonates considering correlation spatial distribution of petrophysical properties. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 32, 81–94.
Lu, Z., Huang, C., Huang, D., & Yang, W. (2006). Effects of a magnetic field on the anodic dissolution, passivation and transpassivation behaviour of iron in weakly alkaline solutions with or without halides. Corrosion Science, 48(10), 3049–3077.
Lu, Z., Huang, D., Yang, W., & Congleton, J. (2003). Effects of an applied magnetic field on the dissolution and passivation of iron in sulphuric acid. Corrosion Science, 45(10), 2233–2249.
Lu, Z., & Yang, W. (2008). In situ monitoring the effects of a magnetic field on the open-circuit corrosion states of iron in acidic and neutral solutions. Corrosion Science, 50(2), 510–522.
MacFarlane, D. R., & Smedley, S. I. (1986). The dissolution mechanism of iron in chloride solutions. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 133(11), 2240.
Men, F., Liu, H., & Zhu, H. (2009). Thermal stability conditions of a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field. Progress in Natural Science, 19(1), 121–124.
Moosavi, F., & Gholizadeh, M. (2014). Magnetic effects on the solvent properties investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 354, 239–247.
Munawar, M. A., Schubert, D. W., Khan, S. M., Rehman, M. A. U., Gull, N., Islam, A., Sabir, A., Shafiq, M., Haider, B., & Azam, M. (2018). Investigation of functional, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of TiO2 embedded polyester hybrid composites: A design of experiment (DoE) study. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 28(3), 266–274.
Neufeld, P. (1994). Effect of magnetic fields on electrochemical reactions. Corrosion, 36(11), 1947–1948.
Noor, E. A., & Al-Moubaraki, A. H. (2008). Corrosion behavior of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 3(7), 806–818.
Peev, T., Mandjukova, B., & Mandjukova, I. (1987). Mössbauer Analysis of Corrosion Products Obtained on Steel in a Low-Magnetic Field. Corrosion, 43(12), 739–742.
Rhen, F., & Coey, J. (2006). Magnetic field effect on autocatalysis: Ag and Cu in concentrated nitric acid. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110(12), 6274–6278.
Rhen, F. M., Fernandez, D., Hinds, G., & Coey, J. M. D. (2005). Influence of a magnetic field on the electrochemical rest potential. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 153(1), J1.
Roy, R. K. (2001). Design of experiments using the Taguchi approach: 16 steps to product and process improvement. John Wiley & Sons.
Ručinskien, A., Bikulčius, G., Gudavičiūt, L., & Juzeliūnas, E. (2002). Magnetic field effect on stainless steel corrosion in FeCl3 solution. Electrochemistry Communications, 4(1), 86–91.
Sagawa, M. (1982). Effect of a local magnetic field on the dissolution of copper and iron in nitric acid solution. Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, 23(1), 38–40.
Salehuddin, F., Kaharudin, K., Zain, A., Yamin, A. M., & Ahmad, I. (2014). Analysis of process parameter effect on DIBL in n-channel MOSFET device using L27 orthogonal array. AIP Conference Proceedings,
Shinohara, K., & Aogaki, R. (1999). Magnetic field effect on copper corrosion in nitric acid. Electrochemistry, 67(2), 126–131.
Srivastava, K., & Nigam, N. (1988). Protection of mild steel in sulphuric acid by Magnetic fields. British Corrosion Journal, 23(3), 172–175.
Sueptitz, R., Koza, J., Uhlemann, M., Gebert, A., & Schultz, L. (2009). Magnetic field effect on the anodic behaviour of a ferromagnetic electrode in acidic solutions. Electrochimica acta, 54(8), 2229–2233.
Sueptitz, R., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Eckert, J., & Gebert, A. (2014). Retarding the corrosion of iron by inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Materials and Corrosion, 65(8), 803–808.
Sueptitz, R., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Schultz, L., & Gebert, A. (2011). Effect of high gradient magnetic fields on the anodic behaviour and localized corrosion of iron in sulphuric acid solutions. Corrosion Science, 53(10), 3222–3230.
Sueptitz, R., Tschulik, K., Uhlemann, M., Schultz, L., & Gebert, A. (2011). Magnetic field effects on the active dissolution of iron. Electrochimica acta, 56(17), 5866–5871.
Tang, Y. C., & Davenport, A. J. (2007). Magnetic field effects on the corrosion of artificial pit electrodes and pits in thin films. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 154(7), C362.
Uhlig, H. H., & King, C. (1972). Corrosion and corrosion control. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 119(12), 327C.
Wang, W., & Wang, S. (2012). Deflecting easy-axis of Fe3O4 single crystal nanowires by magnetic-field-induced method. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 28(11), 976–980.
Yu, Q.-K., Miyakita, Y., Nakabayashi, S., & Baba, R. (2003). Magnetic field effect on electrochemical oscillations during iron dissolution. Electrochemistry Communications, 5(4), 321–324.
Yuan, B., Wang, C., Li, L., & Chen, S. (2012). Investigation of the effects of the magnetic field on the anodic dissolution of copper in NaCl solutions with holography. Corrosion Science, 58, 69–78.
Zadeh, A. R. H., Danaee, I., & Maddahy, M. H. (2013). Thermodynamic and adsorption behaviour of medicinal nitramine as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI steel alloy in HCl solution. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 29(9), 884–892.
Zhang, H.-d., Li, X.-y., Pang, J., Yin, L.-j., Ma, H.-j., Li, Y.-j., Liu, Y., & Wang, W.-m. (2014). Non-monotonic influence of a magnetic field on the electrochemical behavior of Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 glassy alloy in NaOH and NaCl solutions. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 21, 1009–1018.
Zhang, P., Qiang, Z., Qian, S., Bin, G., & Cheng, S.-k. (2016). Corrosion behavior of T2 copper in 3.5% sodium chloride solution treated by rotating electromagnetic field. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 26(5), 1439–1446.
Zhang, X., Wang, Z.-H., Zhou, Z.-H., Xu, J.-M., Zhong, Z.-J., & Yuan, H.-L. (2017). Corrosion behavior of Al–3.0 wt% Mg alloy in NaCl solution under magnetic field. Rare Metals, 36, 627–634.
Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Zhou, Z., & Xu, J. (2017). Effects of magnetic field and rare earth addition on corrosion behavior of Al-3.0 wt% Mg alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 698, 241–249.

  • Receive Date 18 July 2021
  • Revise Date 25 September 2023
  • Accept Date 26 September 2023