Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology

Abstract Process pipelines are essential for operations, but their failures can have severe consequences. This study investigates and analyzes the consequence modeling of the pipeline corridor located in southern Iran. It also determines the restricted and impacted areas around the pipelines using PHAST software. The consequence modeling of the main scenarios, including flammable and toxic gas dispersion, fire, and explosion, is analyzed. According to the results, the restricted and impacted areas around the pipelines are 426.9 meters and 454.3 meters for section 1, and 648 meters and 802 meters for section 2, respectively.

Following the results, preventive and mitigative measures are recommended to lower risks. Multiple strategies should be employed to reduce the risks associated with the pipelines. Some strategies aim to decrease the frequency of incidents, while others focus on reducing the impacts and consequences of leakage, rupture, or any other type of containment failure.

Abstract Chlorine is a toxic and oxidizing gas used to purify drinking water in Iran. There has been no research on the effects of the gas or the explosion of the tanks, which could cause irreparable damage to people and the surrounding area. No such study has been carried out in the city of Abadan. To this end, Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software, a computer program that helps professionals understand what will happen during a hazardous release, such as a chemical or fire, allows them to make plans to keep people safe. Thus, it was used to assess the magnitude of the gas release, the various risk zones, and the population at risk. In the event of damage to the 1-inch outlet valve of the tank, the gas release could be lethal up to a radius of 2 km, could be effective up to a radius of 6.2 km, and could be felt up to 10 km away. Due to the probability of occurrence and the location of the station in the wind direction, gas could reach many residents within a 5 km radius of the station. Therefore, as indicated by the results of the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) model evaluation, the implementation of preventive measures is strongly recommended in order to avoid gas release in settling tanks.

Abstract Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a very hazardous compound which enters into the environment by industries such as refineries and petrochemicals. As its biological degradation is very slow, this use may cause the pollution of soils and groundwater; with the recent emergence of pentachlorophenol contamination as an important drinking water quality issue, finding an easy, economical, and useful method to remove it has been attracted interest. In this study, the performance of an electro-Fenton process (EFP) for the elimination of PCP from an aquatic environment was evaluated. The effects of important operational variables such as reaction time, pH, the applied voltage, and the distance between the electrodes on the degradation of solution were investigated. The maximum PCP removal was obtained at a distance of 3 cm, a pH of 3, a voltage of 24 volt, and the treatment time of 40 min. This study demonstrated that the distance between the electrodes, pH, the applied voltage, and the treatment time have significant effects on the electron-Fenton process and this process is suitable for the treatment of PCP-polluted waste waters.