Research Paper
Petroleum Engineering – Exploration
Alireza Kordzangeneh; Bahram Habibnia; Majid Akbari
Abstract
Permeability is one of the most significant petrophysical parameters of reservoir rock and its accurate, inexpensive, and rapid estimation is important. One of the methods for the estimation of permeability is the Stoneley flow zone index method. In this study, this method was used to estimate the permeability. ...
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Permeability is one of the most significant petrophysical parameters of reservoir rock and its accurate, inexpensive, and rapid estimation is important. One of the methods for the estimation of permeability is the Stoneley flow zone index method. In this study, this method was used to estimate the permeability. For this purpose, after processing the Stoneley waves in the studied well by Geolog software, the permeability index was calculated based on Stoneley wave slowness. Then, by optimizing this index with default values of the Index Matching Factor (IMF), the flow zone index was calculated and the permeability value was estimated based on that index. Some parameters required for these calculations such as porosity, type, and volume of minerals were determined based on the fullset logs analysis and with the help of cross-plots. Finally, in order to validate the obtained permeability data, these results were compared with the core data, and the IMF values were customized for the studied field. The results indicated that the main lithology of the Asmari Formation in the studied well is carbonate rock with a small amount of shale. The customized IMF value for calcite, dolomite, anhydrite, and shale was 11.93, 10.53, 0, and 0 respectively. The correlation coefficient between Stoneley-Flow Zone Index permeability and core permeability was 0.79. Therefore, according to this good correlation, this method can be used to estimate permeability, especially in wells without core data.
Research Paper
Chemical Engineering
behrouz Bayati; pardis morshedi; Akbar Falahi; Towan Kikhavandi
Abstract
HThe formation of heat stable salts, such as acetate, formate, oxalate, and thiosulfate, in gas sweetening units creates various issues including corrosion, high foaming, and a reduction in unit efficiency. This research aimed to investigate the elimination of heat stable salts using an anion resin. ...
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HThe formation of heat stable salts, such as acetate, formate, oxalate, and thiosulfate, in gas sweetening units creates various issues including corrosion, high foaming, and a reduction in unit efficiency. This research aimed to investigate the elimination of heat stable salts using an anion resin. The findings indicate that it is feasible to remove approximately 85% of acetate anion salt from an amine solution at solution-to-resin ratio of 30. Two adsorption models, Langmuir and Freundlich, were employed to analyze the equilibrium adsorption of acetate anion salt. The results indicate that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm aligns more closely with the data obtained from the acetate anion ion exchange process with the resin. Furthermore, it was determined that the maximum adsorption capacity for acetate onto the resin is 15 mg/g at a temperature of 25°C. The impact of contact time during the adsorption process was examined using quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic models, as well as an intra-particle model. The results indicated that the quasi-first-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the data, and equilibrium adsorption was achieved after approximately 70 minutes. Thermodynamic parameters were also investigated, revealing a ΔH value of -12.7370 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic adsorption process. Based on the conducted studies, the utilization of the selected resin appears to be a suitable option for the removal of heat stable salts.
Research Paper
Petroleum Engineering – Drilling
Seyed Reza Shadizadeh; Sina Khajehniyazi
Abstract
Fishing operations are one of the most important parts of drilling operations. If the fishing operation fails, the other direction should be considered to continue drilling and reach the desired depth, which can be achieved by using sidetracking operations. The long-term fishing operation increases the ...
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Fishing operations are one of the most important parts of drilling operations. If the fishing operation fails, the other direction should be considered to continue drilling and reach the desired depth, which can be achieved by using sidetracking operations. The long-term fishing operation increases the cost and time of the drilling operation, therefore, should try to have a successful fishing operation in the shortest possible time. It can be said that the execution of the fishing operation is economical as long as the costs of the fishing operation are less or at least equal to the cost of the sidetracking operation. Therefore, the optimal time for fishing must be determined so that the drilling operation to be economical. Many statistical analysis methods have been used to determine the optimal time, but due to insufficient accuracy and time-consuming calculations, they are not popular. In this study, for the Gachsaran oil field a Machine Learning (ML) model with a regression algorithm were used to estimate an optimal time of Fishing operations. To calculate the optimal fishing time, the fishing cost rate and fishing depth as input data was first collected and categorized based on different sections of the Gachsaran oil field. Then the sidetracking cost is predicted by the machine learning model and this cost was equated to the fishing cost in worst conditions and in the result the optimal fishing time was calculated for each individual section. The result shows that the model can estimate the cost of sidetracking with an error of less than 2%. Using the designed model and the input data of Gachsaran oil field, considering the average optimal fishing time, it is possible to save an average of 1 million dollars and 16 hours in drilling a well.
Research Paper
Safety and Technical Protection Engineering
Abdolrahim Taheri; Dariush Nouri Bakhsh; mohsen motevasel; Gholamreza Rashed
Abstract
Chlorine is a toxic and oxidising gas used in Iran to purify drinking water. There has been no research into the effects of the gas or the explosion of the tank, which could cause irreparable damage to people and the surrounding area. No such research has been carried out in the city of Abadan. To this ...
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Chlorine is a toxic and oxidising gas used in Iran to purify drinking water. There has been no research into the effects of the gas or the explosion of the tank, which could cause irreparable damage to people and the surrounding area. No such research has been carried out in the city of Abadan. To this end, Aloha software (Aloha software is a special computer program that helps professionals understand what will happen in the event of a hazardous release, such as a chemical or fire. This helps them make plans to keep people safe.) Was used to assess the magnitude of the release, the various risk zones and the population at risk. The research shows that in the event of damage to the 1-inch outlet valve of the tank, the gas release could be felt up to a radius of 2 km, 6.2 km and 10 km. Due to the probability of occurrence and the location of the station in the wind direction, it is possible to reach a large number of residents within a 5 km radius of the station. Therefore, based on the FMEA model evaluation, the work prior to the chlorine gas meeting was prioritized to prevent the release of chlorine in the event of the tank settling.
Research Paper
Safety and Technical Protection Engineering
Abdolrahim Taheri; Soleimani torfi Soleimani torfi
Abstract
Pipelines are considered the most practical way to transport oil and gas. However, some factors such as corrosion, third party damage, etc. can lead to serious incidents. Appropriate risk assessment can help reduce the risk of pipeline systems. Prioritizing repairs, scheduling physical integrity assessments, ...
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Pipelines are considered the most practical way to transport oil and gas. However, some factors such as corrosion, third party damage, etc. can lead to serious incidents. Appropriate risk assessment can help reduce the risk of pipeline systems. Prioritizing repairs, scheduling physical integrity assessments, and developing emergency plans can’t be done properly without implementing an appropriate Risk Assessment Method. Risk consists of the Probability of Failure (PoF) and Consequence of Failure (CoF) and in many cases is obtained from the failure statistics published by the pipeline operators. In an endeavor to apply more engineering concepts to the highly statistics-dominated concept of risk assessment, the PoF can be calculated using Finite Element and Monte Carlo methods. This paper is specifically concerned with finding the PoF caused by excavations that are done neighboring a buried pipeline. which is a form of failure that is rarely considered, as most of the studies conducted about third party damages are concerned with the direct hit as a failure cause. Hence, a Python script was written that models the excavations using ABAQUS; The soil is modelled using the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity approach, while the pipe is modelled as a shell. The excavation adjacent to the pipe will cause the pipe to deflect due to gravity. The stress caused by this deflection is compared to the yield stress to determine whether or not it will fail. In order to determine the probability of failure (PoF), this iterative process is carried out for excavations of different sizes using a Monte Carlo method. Additionally, a methodology has been implemented to address the issue of computationally expensive models. The method proposed in this paper is compared and weighted against other common methods to determine whether the advantages of FEA-based risk assessment can justify its complexity.
Research Paper
Safety and Technical Protection Engineering
Danial Khodoli zangeneh; Hakimeh Amanipoor; Sedigheh Battaleb-Looie
Abstract
The importance of the study of Quaternary deposits has increased to such an extent that it now occupies a significant part of research in different parts of the world. In oil-rich countries, including Iran, pollution caused by oil industry activities such as drilling and exploitation has seriously threatened ...
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The importance of the study of Quaternary deposits has increased to such an extent that it now occupies a significant part of research in different parts of the world. In oil-rich countries, including Iran, pollution caused by oil industry activities such as drilling and exploitation has seriously threatened the sediments and soils around these areas. The Abteymour oilfield is one of the big fields in southwestern Iran, located in the area of agricultural lands. As a result, it is very important to evaluate its environmental effects. In this research, 33 surface soil samples were collected and in addition to measuring the concentration of heavy metals, some physical and chemical characteristics of the soil were measured. To identify the source of pollutants, statistical analyses such as correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were used. To determine the level of heavy metal pollution, environmental geological indices such as Igeo, EF, Cf, and NIP were used. The results of cluster analysis showed that the studied elements are clustered in two groups. Also, the results of the factor analysis showed that 89% of the variation of the studied parameters is affected by two factors. In total, the results of the statistical analysis showed that the pollution in the region is of anthropogenic origin and the activities related to the extraction and exploitation of the Abteymour oilfield, agricultural activities, and wastewater have an impact on the quality of the soil in the area. Investigation of the pollution level of the samples based on the Igeo, EF, Cf, and NIP indices showed that the samples are unpolluted for most of the studied elements. For the Na, Mg, Cr, Ni, Sr, Cu, Li, and Pb elements, some samples have low levels of pollution
Research Paper
Geophysics
Mahammad Laribaghal; mehdi khorasanian; mostafa eskandari; seyyed rezareza alavi zaree
Abstract
In steel production plants, such as those manufacturing sheets, pipes, and round bars, raw materials are annealed in preheating furnaces at approximately 1200 oC before undergoing hot deformation process. Substantial oxidation and loss of raw steel materials occur in preheating furnaces, resulting in ...
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In steel production plants, such as those manufacturing sheets, pipes, and round bars, raw materials are annealed in preheating furnaces at approximately 1200 oC before undergoing hot deformation process. Substantial oxidation and loss of raw steel materials occur in preheating furnaces, resulting in significant economic losses. A potential solution to reduce losses in this scenario is the application of protective ceramic coatings. This research investigates the effect of a ceramic coating based on Al2O3-SiO2 on the oxidation behavior of steel sheets. The industrial-scale effect of the coating on the oxidation of steel slabs is also examined. The coating was applied using a spray method with slurry ceramic materials dispersed through a compressed air flow. Thickness measurement tests, scanning electron microscopy, and EDS analysis were conducted to evaluate the kinetics, microstructure and the oxidation behavior of the coatings. The findings indicate that the oxidation kinetics for uncoated steel sheets follow a parabolic trend, while the kinetics for ceramic coated samples exhibit a slower logarithmic behavior. The application of the coating resulted in a reduction of the oxide layer thickness by less than 30% compared to the uncoated samples, attributed to a lower diffusion coefficient in the coated samples. In industrial Test, the application of the ceramic coating on St52 slabs led to a significant reduction in the oxide layer thickness and easier peel of the oxide layers. These show that the use of such ceramic coating for materials in preheating furnaces can effectively reduce oxidation losses and enhance mechanical quality of final products.