Accounting
Seyyed Abdollah Razavi; Bahar Homayoni; Sadegh Saffarzadeh
Abstract
In this study, by using a relatively complex reservoir model and reservoir simulator, the gas injection process was investigated from two technical and economic perspectives. This reservoir model has 4 production wells and 3 gas injection wells, which are in operational conditions for a period of 15 ...
Read More
In this study, by using a relatively complex reservoir model and reservoir simulator, the gas injection process was investigated from two technical and economic perspectives. This reservoir model has 4 production wells and 3 gas injection wells, which are in operational conditions for a period of 15 and 10 years. Since gas injection with higher pressures in the reservoir requires more gas supply to stabilize the pressure, from a technical point of view, the effect of different injection pressures on the improvement of the final recovery factor and cumulative oil production was investigated. The findings show that all gas injection scenarios due to the increase in the oil recovery factor (injection with well bottom pressure in the scenarios of 3750, 4000, 4250, and 4500 psi led to an improvement of 10, 12, 13.7 and 15% respectively) compared to natural depletion (no gas injection in the reservoir) is desirable. From an economic point of view, after sensitivity analysis of the parameters related to production and injection (such as the price of produced oil, the price of produced gas, the cost of injected gas, and the discount rate), the results show that the increase in the price of oil and produced gas increases the economic added value of gas injection projects. Considering various parameters for the price of export gas as well as gas export costs (capital and operational), comparing the added value of gas injection projects with gas export showed that the higher the price of export gas, the more favorable gas export projects are compared to gas injection. Also, as the cost of gas export increases, the desirability of gas export decreases compared to gas injection in the reservoir.
Accounting
Vahab Montazeri; Atefeh Ghazi
Abstract
AbstractIt is essential to separate two immiscible liquids from gas to produce the light liquid, heavy liquid, and vapor phases. The separation of water from hydrocarbons is a practical example in the oil industry. For such separation in industry, three phase separator is used. In this study, different ...
Read More
AbstractIt is essential to separate two immiscible liquids from gas to produce the light liquid, heavy liquid, and vapor phases. The separation of water from hydrocarbons is a practical example in the oil industry. For such separation in industry, three phase separator is used. In this study, different parameter and the weight of the three-phase separator was optimized with the genetic algorithm (G.A.) and finally, the total cost of manufacturing the separator was decreased. Different types of three-phase separators are vertical, horizontal, and spherical. The separator works in the operating condition of 172 kPa and 445 K, respectively and the real weight of the separator is 8131 kg. For the optimization target, the flow of vapor, light liquid, and heavy liquid was considered constant during the optimization process. The objective function (O.F.) is obtained from the weight of the separator and 3 multiparameter equations. Also, 7 parameters which include: separator aspect ratio (L/D), the height of heavy liquid (HHL), height of light liquid (HLL), hold-up time (TH), surge time (TS), low liquid level (HLLL) and vapor level (Hv) are used in G.A. as constraints. The weight of the optimized separator was calculated 6001 kg approximately. So, with this method, the total weight of the separator decreases by about 26.2 % as compared to the real weight of the separator. On the other hand, the maximum difference between the answers was 3.3%, which is acceptable. Also, error analysis of the predicted results is calculated by mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for 7 design parameters of the three-phase separator and separator weight, which are in an acceptable level of accuracy. The presented approach can have potential application for the development of low-cost manufacturing of three-phase separators in the petroleum industry.
